Mammals including man are endotherms and maintain constant body temperature with in a narrow tolerable range of about 36-37.5 centigrade under any condition. It is achieved by following ways: Shivering thermo genesis: Increased muscle contraction or shivering produce more heat. Non-shivering thermo genesis: Oxidation of carbohydrates by hormones like thyroid hormones generates heat. Brown fat … Read more

Mutation can be defined as a permanent change in cell's DNA. The changes in the DNA are reflected by the change expression of the character. If these changes occur in somatic cell, their impact is limited to the affected organism's life. However, any change in the mutation in the germ line-cell may become hereditary.  Kinds … Read more

The chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein. Generally DNA is about 40% and protein 60%. The DNA consists of nucleotides while the protein is histone which consists of amino acids argine and lysine in abundance besides other amino acids. The presence argine and lysine amino acids make the histone protein, a positively charged particle. … Read more