All living things have to feed in order to gain energy and the materials needed to make the living matter (protoplasm) of their bodies. This process is called nutrition. Secondly every organism required energy to perform its vital activities. In both plants and animals, the organic food substances store up energy. This energy is set … Read more

As man is a living organisms so the study of biology helps us to understand ourselves and our behavior. For many of you the most interesting part of biology may be the study of yourself; how your body works; how it reacts to diseases; how you resemble or differ from other people such as your … Read more

The first condition of equilibrium is when a body at rest or moving with uniform velocity has zero acceleration. From Newton's Law of Motion the vector sum of all forces acting on it must be zero. This is known as the first condition of equilibrium. Using the mathematical symbol ∑F for the sum of all … Read more

An ecosystem is an ecological system formed by the interaction of living organisms and their non-living environment. Thus when considering an ecosystem we are considering both the physical and the biological factors operating in such a system. In any ecosystem the living organisms can be identified as producers, consumers or decomposers. Producers are the green … Read more

The biotic environment concerns all kinds of living things which an organism comes into contact with. The place where an organism lives is its habitat which may be a pond, a stream, a river, a forest or a desert. An organism in any habitat is never an independent unit. Its daily existence depends on and … Read more

Some young people smoke because they believe that smoking is a symbol of adulthood. This is reinforced by advertisements from cigarette companies. The advertisers try to give the impression that maturity, social status, happiness and success are linked with smoking. However, surveys have shown that many young people smoke in order to cover up their … Read more

Drug abuse, i.e. Taking drugs excessively or not under a doctor's prescription, has become very serious in many countries. Drugs can be classified under several categories, and the same drug may fall into more than one category. For example, alcohol can be socially accepted drug and it can also be abused. For convenience, drugs can … Read more

: 1. Caffeine: Tea drinking has had a long history dating as far as 2700 B.C. in China. Today tea and coffee drinking have become popular in many parts of the world. It has been estimated that about one-third of the world's population are coffee drinkers. The popularity of tea and coffee is attributed to … Read more

In Mendel's pea plants, some were either tall or short and the seeds were either green or yellow. There were no intermediate forms between thee characteristics. They are easily distinguishable and are not affected by environmental conditions. Other examples are: the ability to roll the tongue or taste phenylthiourea, ABO blood groups in man, and … Read more

The genotype of an organism showing the dominant trait can be determined by crossing it with an organism that is a homozygous recessive. This is known as a test cross. In Mendel's monohybrid inheritance one allele was dominant over the other. Many plants and animals are known in which the hybrid shows the effects of … Read more

The villi and the uterine wall in which they are embedded make up the placenta. Thus the placenta is formed partly from the embryonic tissue and partly from the uterine wall. The placenta allows: 1. Dissolved food substances (e.g. glucose, amino acids, and mineral salts) and oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood into that … Read more

First let us list the characteristics of insect-pollinated flowers: 1.Flowers are usually large, brightly-colored and scented to attract insects. If the flowers are small they may group together to form conspicuous inflorescences. 2.Nectar is often present to attract insects. 3.Pollen is fairly abundant. Pollen grains are large sticky and heavy, usually with rough surfaces so … Read more

A bulb is a modified shoot consisting of a flattened, disc-like stem with closely set nodes bearing fleshy scale leaves surrounded by some dry scale leaves. Buds arise in the axils of the fleshy scale leaves. In the bulb the food (mainly sugar) is stored in the fleshy scale leaves and not in the stem … Read more

1.Calyx: The calyx is green, with five sepals present as pointed teeth at the free end of the calyx. The base of the calyx is enclosed by two green leaves, the epicalyx. 2.Corolla: The corolla is brightly-colored with five petals. The petals are of different sizes and shapes. It consists of a large purple standard … Read more

There are two types of vegetative propagation in plants. One is natural vegetative propagation whereas the other is known as artificial vegetative propagation which includes cutting, layering, marcotting, budding and grafting. The advantages of the natural vegetative propagation in plants are listed below. Advantages: 1.It does not need external agencies, e.g. insects and wind, for … Read more

If you think you want to get a Chinese tattoo and you really want it, then I think you should get one. But always make sure you take a Chinese speaking friend with you otherwise they might tattoo you with something you do not want. These Chinese letters and symbols can be very confusing at … Read more

Well this is a very interesting question. Different people have different theories about the origin of this surname. But this is a known fact that this surname is usually very common in people who belong to the sub continent (Pakistan and India). It is also extensively used in by the people of Afghanistan. People in … Read more

This is a very interesting yet a very common question. Most people think changing names is a big hassle. Well I think it is relatively easy to change your surname in UK. The first thing you need to do is that you need to prove your identity by giving in copies of your passport, driving … Read more

Well it is very important for one to know the meaning of his or her surname. It answers a lot of questions related to the ancestry of the person. One name can have various meanings in the same language and it can have a different meaning in another language. In English language the word spiller … Read more

This is a very interesting question. Nearly all of us have surnames, but most of us are not even aware of the history of surnames. Another name given to surname is last name or in some cases family name. This name is usually shared among the different members of the family. This is also the … Read more