You can, as if you've found out by asking this without creating a profile (I checked) - but it still confuses me as to why people do this... Especially considering the second part of your question.
If you want to keep track of answers, surely creating a profile is the most logical way to do that.
It's not even like you have to use a real name or photo like Facebook requires, AND you can post anonymously even with a profile.
So yeah, if you do happen to see this answer, please let me in on your perspective. What would be the easiest way for you to post and keep track of questions?